Bourbonnais Renée, Jauvin Natalie, Dussault Julie, Vézina Michel
Rehabilitation Department, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
Int J Law Psychiatry. 2007 Jul-Oct;30(4-5):355-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2007.06.008. Epub 2007 Aug 2.
The main purpose of this study was to present changes occurring between 2002 and 2004 in the prevalence of psychosocial constraints and interpersonal violence at work among officers working in correctional facilities in Quebec. Results suggest that in the absence of specific organizational intervention aimed at improving a deleterious work situation, exposure to low decision latitude remained similar between 2002 and 2004, while exposure to high psychological demands improved somewhat, for both men and women. In 2000, rates of exposure of correctional officers in Quebec to high psychological demands, low decision latitude and the combination of high psychological demands and low decision latitude (job strain) were significantly higher than those obtained for the entire population of workers in Quebec in contact with the public. Exposure of correctional officers in Quebec to intimidation at work increased substantially between 2002 and 2004, among both men and women. Globally speaking, rates of exposure to intimidation by colleagues and superiors practically doubled between 2000 and 2004. Rates of exposure to intimidation among correctional officers in Quebec were particularly high in 2004 (71% among men 66% among women) compared to rates in another study conducted among federal correctional officers (48%) by Samak. The present study also showed that in 2004, correctional officers in Quebec were more likely to present signs of psychological distress linked with work when they were exposed to high psychological demands, low decision latitude, job strain and poor social support from superiors and colleagues. Psychological distress was also shown to be greater when reward at work was scarce and when there was an imbalance between effort and reward at work. Finally, in 2004, psychological distress among correctional officers was also associated with intimidation and psychological harassment at work.
本研究的主要目的是呈现2002年至2004年期间魁北克惩教设施工作人员工作中社会心理限制因素和人际暴力发生率的变化。结果表明，在缺乏旨在改善有害工作状况的具体组织干预措施的情况下，2002年至2004年期间，低决策自由度的暴露情况保持相似，而高心理需求的暴露情况有所改善，男女皆是如此。2000年，魁北克惩教人员面临高心理需求、低决策自由度以及高心理需求与低决策自由度相结合（工作压力）的暴露率显著高于魁北克全体与公众接触的工作人员的暴露率。2002年至2004年期间，魁北克惩教人员在工作中遭受恐吓的情况大幅增加，男女皆是如此。总体而言，2000年至2004年期间，同事和上级恐吓的暴露率几乎翻了一番。与萨马克对联邦惩教人员进行的另一项研究（48%）相比，2004年魁北克惩教人员遭受恐吓的比率特别高（男性为71%，女性为66%）。本研究还表明，2004年，魁北克惩教人员在面临高心理需求、低决策自由度、工作压力以及上级和同事缺乏社会支持时，更有可能出现与工作相关的心理困扰迹象。当工作奖励稀缺以及工作中付出与回报失衡时，心理困扰也会更大。最后，2004年，惩教人员的心理困扰还与工作中的恐吓和心理骚扰有关。
