Department of Sport Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 20;18(24):13396. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413396.
Applying Siegrist's (1996) effort-reward imbalance model to athletes, the current study aimed to develop a measure that can evaluate athletes' effort and reward, and verify its reliability and validity.
The survey was conducted on 530 athletes from universities in Seoul, South Korea. Among the collected data, 276 datasets were used for exploratory factor analysis, 200 for confirmatory factor analysis, and 30 for test-retest reliability analysis; data from surveys that were incomplete or incorrectly answered were excluded. The initial questionnaire was completed based on prior research, expert meetings, and evaluation by the evaluation group. The collected data were subjected to question analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and criterion-related validity analysis.
Four factors of the construct of effort were extracted: training strengthening efforts, interpersonal efforts, nutrition management efforts, and cognitive psychology strengthening efforts. Additionally, three factors of the construct of reward were extracted: future stability, social support, and positive growth. Thus. the effort measurement tool was finalized with 14 questions from four factors, and the reward measurement tool was finalized with 14 questions from three factors, with all items rated on a 5-point Likert scale.
Siegrist's efforts to measure job stress and athletes perceived efforts differed somewhat, but were found to be consistent with those reported for Australian occupational jockeys. In addition, athletes' perceived rewards had similar results to those for Siegrist and Kathleen et al. studies. Based on this study, subsequent studies can more effectively determine whether the effort-reward imbalance model is applicable to athletes.
将 Siegrist（1996）的工作投入-回报失衡模型应用于运动员，本研究旨在开发一种能够评估运动员投入和回报的测量工具，并验证其信度和效度。
该调查在韩国首尔的大学中对 530 名运动员进行了调查。在收集的数据中，276 个数据集用于探索性因素分析，200 个数据集用于验证性因素分析，30 个数据集用于测试-重测信度分析；排除了不完整或回答不正确的调查数据。初始问卷是基于先前的研究、专家会议和评估小组的评估而完成的。收集的数据经过问题分析、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析、信度分析和效标关联效度分析。
从结构投入中提取了四个因素：训练强化投入、人际关系投入、营养管理投入和认知心理强化投入。此外，从结构回报中提取了三个因素：未来稳定性、社会支持和积极成长。因此，努力测量工具最终确定为 14 个问题，分为四个因素，奖励测量工具最终确定为 14 个问题，分为三个因素，所有项目均采用 5 点 Likert 量表评分。
Siegrist 测量工作压力的努力和运动员感知的努力有所不同，但与澳大利亚职业骑师的报告结果一致。此外，运动员感知的回报与 Siegrist 和 Kathleen 等人的研究结果相似。基于这项研究，后续研究可以更有效地确定投入-回报失衡模型是否适用于运动员。
