van Zoest Gerrit G J M, Staes Filip F G M, Stappaerts Karel H
Kinesiometrics, Valkenburg, The Netherlands.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2007 Jul-Aug;30(6):438-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2007.06.001.
The purpose of this study was to investigate a quantitative biomechanical evaluation method for contact forces exerted during a manual examination and treatment technique used in a learning environment. The evaluation was based on three-dimensional (3D) force component data.
A hand-/palm-held computerized 3D force component measuring system was used during a simple feedback experiment involving 20 second-year university students of physiotherapy who delivered 5 sets of graded perpendicular manual push forces on the sensor part of the system, which was placed on the padded surface of an examination/treatment table. In an effect study with a multiple time-series design, a randomly chosen subgroup of subjects received concurrent visual 3D kinetic/dynamic force-time feedback.
The students delivered graded perpendicular forces with good intrasubject consistency (intraclass correlation coefficient [3, 1]: mean, 0.80; range, 0.76-0.88) but with poor intersubject consistency (intraclass correlation coefficient [2, 1]: mean, 0.38; range, 0.15-0.74). A temporary performance improvement in forward-backward force direction deviations from the perpendicular in the subgroup given feedback indicates that students are sensitive to feedback training.
An evaluation tool using 3D contact force component measurement enables the assessment of the overall magnitude of the manual contact force as well as its directional aspect. Compared with existing evaluations based on 1-dimensional force components, this 3D system allows for a more complete and, at the same time, more specific quantitative evaluation of the manual contact forces. Three-dimensional dynamic/kinetic augmented feedback has the additional potential of helping students and practitioners to improve their palpation and force delivery skills.
本研究旨在探讨一种用于学习环境中手动检查和治疗技术所施加接触力的定量生物力学评估方法。该评估基于三维（3D）力分量数据。
在一项简单的反馈实验中，使用了一种手持式/手掌式计算机化3D力分量测量系统，该实验涉及20名理疗专业二年级大学生，他们在放置于检查/治疗台软垫表面的系统传感器部分上施加了5组分级垂直手动推力。在一项具有多个时间序列设计的效果研究中，随机选择的一组受试者接受了同步视觉3D动力学/动态力-时间反馈。
学生们施加的分级垂直力具有良好的受试者内一致性（组内相关系数[3,1]：均值为0.80；范围为0.76 - 0.88），但受试者间一致性较差（组内相关系数[2,1]：均值为0.38；范围为0.15 - 0.74）。在接受反馈的亚组中，前后力方向与垂直线的偏差方面的临时性能改善表明学生对反馈训练敏感。
使用3D接触力分量测量的评估工具能够评估手动接触力的总体大小及其方向方面。与基于一维力分量的现有评估相比，这种3D系统允许对手动接触力进行更完整且同时更具体的定量评估。三维动态/动力学增强反馈还有助于学生和从业者提高其触诊和施力技能的潜力。
