Scott J Cobb, Woods Steven Paul, Matt Georg E, Meyer Rachel A, Heaton Robert K, Atkinson J Hampton, Grant Igor
Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
Neuropsychol Rev. 2007 Sep;17(3):275-97. doi: 10.1007/s11065-007-9031-0.
This review provides a critical analysis of the central nervous system effects of acute and chronic methamphetamine (MA) use, which is linked to numerous adverse psychosocial, neuropsychiatric, and medical problems. A meta-analysis of the neuropsychological effects of MA abuse/dependence revealed broadly medium effect sizes, showing deficits in episodic memory, executive functions, information processing speed, motor skills, language, and visuoconstructional abilities. The neuropsychological deficits associated with MA abuse/dependence are interpreted with regard to their possible neural mechanisms, most notably MA-associated frontostriatal neurotoxicity. In addition, potential explanatory factors are considered, including demographics (e.g., gender), MA use characteristics (e.g., duration of abstinence), and the influence of common psychiatric (e.g., other substance-related disorders) and neuromedical (e.g., HIV infection) comorbidities. Finally, these findings are discussed with respect to their potential contribution to the clinical management of persons with MA abuse/dependence.
本综述对急性和慢性使用甲基苯丙胺（MA）对中枢神经系统的影响进行了批判性分析，MA的使用与众多不良的社会心理、神经精神和医学问题相关。一项关于MA滥用/依赖的神经心理学影响的荟萃分析显示，总体效应大小为中等，表明在情景记忆、执行功能、信息处理速度、运动技能、语言和视觉构建能力方面存在缺陷。与MA滥用/依赖相关的神经心理学缺陷从其可能的神经机制方面进行了解释，最显著的是与MA相关的额纹状体神经毒性。此外，还考虑了潜在的解释因素，包括人口统计学因素（如性别）、MA使用特征（如禁欲持续时间）以及常见精神疾病（如其他物质相关障碍）和神经医学合并症（如HIV感染）的影响。最后，讨论了这些发现对MA滥用/依赖者临床管理的潜在贡献。
