Zhang Zhen, Su Yanjie, Chan Raymond C K, Reimann Giselle
Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Am J Primatol. 2008 Feb;70(2):148-52. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20466.
Food transfer happens regularly in a few nonhuman primates species that are also characterized by remarkable social tolerance. Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana), or golden monkeys, which exhibit high social tolerance in their social relationships are thus of interest to see whether tolerance would extend to food transfer. In this study, branch feeding activity was observed in a semi-captive group of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys, which consisted of 10 subjects that included a one-male unit (OMU) and an all-male unit (AMU). We recorded 1,275 food interactions over 27 days, and 892 instances of food transfer. The most commonly observed types of food transfer behavior were co-feeding (62.1%) and relaxed claim (22.8%). Of 892 food transfers, 756 (84.8%) took place in the OMU, most of which were among adults (34.7%) and among juveniles (42.1%). The transfer success rate was high in both the cases (87.9% for adults and 78.9% for juveniles). Food transfer in the AMU took place less often than that among adults in the OMU though with similar high transfer success. Food transfer between the OMU and AMU was limited to juvenile males from the OMU and adults from the AMU. These results provide the first evidence of food transfer in golden monkeys and suggest that tolerant social relationships in golden monkeys make transfer possible.
食物传递现象在一些非人类灵长类动物中经常发生，这些动物还具有显著的社会容忍度。川金丝猴（Rhinopithecus roxellana），即金丝猴，在其社会关系中表现出高度的社会容忍度，因此研究其容忍度是否会延伸到食物传递很有意义。在本研究中，观察了一个半圈养的川金丝猴群体的树枝取食活动，该群体由10只个体组成，包括一个单雄单元（OMU）和一个全雄单元（AMU）。我们在27天内记录了1275次食物互动和892次食物传递实例。最常观察到的食物传递行为类型是共同进食（62.1%）和轻松索取（22.8%）。在892次食物传递中，756次（84.8%）发生在单雄单元中，其中大部分发生在成年个体之间（34.7%）和幼年个体之间（42.1%）。两种情况下的传递成功率都很高（成年个体为87.9%，幼年个体为78.9%）。全雄单元中的食物传递比单雄单元中成年个体之间的食物传递发生得少，不过传递成功率也同样很高。单雄单元和全雄单元之间的食物传递仅限于来自单雄单元的幼年雄性和来自全雄单元的成年个体。这些结果提供了金丝猴食物传递的首个证据，并表明金丝猴中宽容的社会关系使食物传递成为可能。
