Gilli G, Traversi D, Rovere R, Pignata C, Schilirò T
Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Torino, Via Santena, 5bis-10126 Torino, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2007 Oct 15;385(1-3):97-107. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.006. Epub 2007 Aug 14.
Epidemiological studies of particulate matter (PM) have associated PM mass, as well as certain individual components of PM such as secondary particulate with adverse human health effects. For example genotoxic effects attributed to PM may relate to the content of organic compounds but also to the oxidative DNA damage generated by transition metals like iron. However the exact physiochemical mechanism by which PM produces adverse effects is not clear. The aims of this study were to evaluate (1) concentrations of PM10, (2) amounts of bioavailable iron associated with PM10, (3) amounts of secondary particulate expressed as SO4(=) and NO3(-) and (4) the mutagenic activities of PM10 organic extracts. Sampling was carried out in a meteochemical station located in Torino, a northern Italian city with high levels of PM10. The mean PM10 concentration in the considered period was 46.1+/-28.8 microg/m3, the iron mean concentration was 0.83 microg/m3 (+/-0.65 microg/m3) and the bioavailable Fe was 5.7% (+/-4.4%). The data showed that secondary particulate matter (as sum of sulfates and nitrates) constituted about 47% of PM10 total mass. Both iron and secondary species concentrations were positively associated with PM10 levels. Seasonal variations of PM10 concentration, iron level and secondary species amount were significant. Samples were tested for mutagenicity with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, with and without metabolic activation and a positive response was observed especially for TA98. There were positive statistical associations between mutagenicity and PM10, bioavailable iron, sulfates and nitrates concentrations. Therefore, these results showed the usefulness of this biological approach for monitoring PM10.
颗粒物（PM）的流行病学研究表明，PM质量以及PM的某些个别成分（如二次颗粒物）与对人类健康的不良影响有关。例如，归因于PM的遗传毒性效应可能与有机化合物的含量有关，但也与铁等过渡金属产生的氧化性DNA损伤有关。然而，PM产生不良影响的确切物理化学机制尚不清楚。本研究的目的是评估：（1）PM10的浓度；（2）与PM10相关的生物可利用铁的含量；（3）以SO4(=)和NO3(-)表示的二次颗粒物的含量；（4）PM10有机提取物的诱变活性。采样在位于意大利北部城市都灵的一个气象化学站进行，该城市PM10水平较高。在考虑的时间段内，PM10的平均浓度为46.1±28.8微克/立方米，铁的平均浓度为0.83微克/立方米（±0.65微克/立方米），生物可利用铁为5.7%（±4.4%）。数据表明，二次颗粒物（硫酸盐和硝酸盐的总和）约占PM10总质量的47%。铁和二次物种的浓度均与PM10水平呈正相关。PM10浓度、铁水平和二次物种含量的季节变化显著。用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株TA98和TA100对样品进行了诱变试验，有或没有代谢活化，尤其对TA98观察到阳性反应。诱变活性与PM10、生物可利用铁、硫酸盐和硝酸盐浓度之间存在正统计关联。因此，这些结果表明了这种生物学方法在监测PM10方面的有用性。
