Jahnke V
HNO-Kliniken des Univ.-Klinikum Rudolf Virchow, Freien Universität Berlin.
HNO. 1991 Nov;39(11):442-4.
The prevalence of dysphagia in the elderly ("presbyphagia") is probably still underestimated, though this disorder represents a major geriatric problem; special attention is necessary to prevent malnutrition, dehydration and aspiration pneumonia. Primary presbyphagia due to physiological, age-related changes of the swallowing mechanism must be differentiated from secondary presbyphagia attributable to diseases which are more frequent in the elderly. Transnasal pharyngo-laryngo-fiberendoscopy, videofluoroscopy and the "modified barium swallow" are of particular value in the diagnostic approach to presbyphagia. The possibilities of treatment are limited. They are aimed at dietary adjustments, compensatory mechanisms based on the properties of the volume and consistency of the food, proper feeding position and help by other persons. Individual swallowing exercises by a speech therapist are particularly valuable. Surgical procedures for the treatment of underlying organic disorders are less often indicated in presbyphagia.
老年人吞咽困难（“老年吞咽障碍”）的患病率可能仍被低估，尽管这种病症是一个主要的老年问题；必须特别注意预防营养不良、脱水和吸入性肺炎。因吞咽机制的生理、年龄相关变化导致的原发性老年吞咽障碍，必须与继发于老年人中更常见疾病的继发性老年吞咽障碍区分开来。经鼻咽喉纤维内镜检查、视频荧光吞咽造影检查和“改良吞钡检查”在老年吞咽障碍的诊断方法中具有特殊价值。治疗方法有限。它们旨在进行饮食调整、基于食物体积和稠度特性的代偿机制、合适的喂食姿势以及他人的帮助。言语治疗师进行的个体吞咽训练尤其有价值。治疗潜在器质性疾病的外科手术在老年吞咽障碍中较少使用。
