Van der Burg Jan J W, Didden Robert, Jongerius Peter H, Rotteveel Jan J
Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Behav Modif. 2007 Sep;31(5):573-94. doi: 10.1177/0145445506298723.
Many children with mental retardation and developmental disabilities suffer from the consequences of chronic drooling. Behavioral treatment for drooling should be considered before other, more intrusive treatments such as medication and surgery are implemented. However, empirical studies on behavioral procedures are scarce. This article reviews 19 behavioral studies published since 1970. Treatment procedures are (a) instruction, prompting, and positive reinforcement; (b) negative social reinforcement and declarative procedures; (c) cueing techniques; and (d) self-management procedures. Although these procedures yield positive results, critical examination of experimental methodology of the studies reveals several methodological shortcomings. Guidelines for clinical use of behavioral treatment for drooling are presented, and recommendations are given for future research in this area.
许多智力迟钝和发育障碍的儿童都饱受慢性流口水之苦。在实施其他更具侵入性的治疗方法（如药物治疗和手术）之前，应考虑采用行为疗法来治疗流口水。然而，关于行为疗法的实证研究却很少。本文回顾了自1970年以来发表的19项行为研究。治疗方法包括：（a）指导、提示和正强化；（b）负性社会强化和陈述性程序；（c）提示技术；以及（d）自我管理程序。尽管这些方法产生了积极的效果，但对这些研究的实验方法进行批判性审视后发现了几个方法上的缺陷。本文提出了流口水行为治疗临床应用的指导方针，并对该领域未来的研究给出了建议。
