Add-on angiotensin receptor blocker in patients who have proteinuric chronic kidney diseases and are treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

The benefit of the add-on angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in inhibition of progression of nephropathy in hypertensive patient with nondiabetic renal disease compared with monotherapy with ACE inhibitors remains controversial. All patients were previously treated with ACE inhibitors. Urinary protein excretion of patients exceeded 1.0 g/d despite treatment with ACE inhibitors. Ninety hypertensive patients with chronic renal insufficiency were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received ACE inhibitor plus candesartan (2 to 12 mg/d), and a control group received only ACE inhibitor. The target BP was < or = 130/80 mmHg. The primary outcome was the changes in serum creatinine and the reduction of proteinuria. The mean duration of follow-up was 3.1 +/- 0.4 yr. At years 2 and 3, systolic and diastolic BP were reduced from 140 +/- 3/84 +/- 2 to 129 +/- 1/78 +/- 2 mmHg (candesartan group) and from 135 +/- 2/85 +/- 2 to 130 +/- 2/80 +/- 2 mmHg (ACE inhibitors group). In both groups, both systolic and diastolic BP decreased significantly from the beginning to the end of the study (P < 0.01). The serum creatinine concentration increased from 3.02 +/- 0.27 to 3.38 +/- 0.49 mg/dl (candesartan plus ACE inhibitor group) versus 3.00 +/- 0.37 to 4.48 +/- 0.57 mg/dl (ACE inhibitor group; P < 0.01) at year 3. Although the level of proteinuria significantly declined in each group (P < 0.05), the degree of reductions in proteinuria was greater in the candesartan group than in the ACE inhibitors group (P < 0.01). In the patients who were treated with candesartan and ACE inhibitor or ACE inhibitor alone, pretreatment proteinuria correlated significantly with decline of renal function, whereas reduction of proteinuria negatively correlated with decline in renal function in the patients who were treated with candesartan. Candesartan with an ACE inhibitor is effective in slowing the progression of renal insufficiency in hypertensive patients with nondiabetic renal disease through reduction of proteinuria.