The interaction of heparin/polyanions with bovine, porcine, and human growth hormone.

The interaction of polyanions with proteins is of potential pharmaceutical and cellular significance. A partial thermodynamic description of the interaction of four representative polyanions with human, bovine, and porcine growth hormone is described. A heparin bead-binding assay confirms all growth hormones bind to heparin but to varying extents. Moderate-binding constants and high ratios of bound protein to the more extended polyanions, heparin, and dextran sulfate were measured by isothermal titration calorimetry and dynamic light scattering. The binding constants and ratio of protein bound to ligand were significantly smaller for the low molecular weight polyanions phytic acid and sucrose octasulfate (SOS). The effect of polyanion binding on the bovine, porcine, and human growth hormone's (hGH) structural and colloidal stability was also explored. Heparin and dextran sulfate inhibit porcine somatotropin (pST) and bovine somatotropin (bST) aggregation to the greatest extent, as compared to phytic acid and SOS, while decreasing secondary and tertiary structural stability as measured by the temperature dependence of their circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence. Somewhat surprisingly, the polyanions do not appear to affect the structure or stability of hGH. The potential biological significance of growth hormone polyanion interactions is discussed.