Allingham P G
CSIRO, Division of Tropical Animal Production, Long Pocket Laboratories, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia.
J Med Entomol. 1991 Nov;28(6):878-81. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/28.6.878.
Fourth-instar larvae of the biting midge, Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer, were reared to adult in agar medium at temperatures of 20, 26, 30.5, 33, 35.5, 38 and 40 degrees C. Optimum (greater than 80%) survival to adult occurred from 26 to 33 degrees C. Temperatures outside this range disrupted development. Above 35.5 degrees C, all immatures died before completing development. Duration of development from fourth instar to adult was shortest at 30.5 degrees C (4.3 d). The estimated duration of development from egg to adult at 26-33 degrees C was 11-13 d. The increased mortality of immature stages at temperatures greater than 33 degrees C may be significant in the reduction of adult populations during summer in inland areas of the northern Australian tropics, where mean monthly maxima exceed 35 degrees C from October until February.
将澳蠓（Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer）的四龄幼虫置于琼脂培养基中，在20、26、30.5、33、35.5、38和40摄氏度的温度下饲养至成虫。26至33摄氏度时成虫的存活率最佳（大于80%）。超出此温度范围会干扰发育。在35.5摄氏度以上，所有未成熟个体在发育完成前死亡。从四龄幼虫发育至成虫的时间在30.5摄氏度时最短（4.3天）。在26 - 33摄氏度时，从卵发育至成虫的估计时间为11 - 13天。在澳大利亚北部热带地区的内陆，10月至次年2月的月平均最高温度超过35摄氏度，在温度高于33摄氏度时未成熟阶段死亡率的增加，可能对夏季成虫数量的减少具有重要影响。
