Quinn L S
Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2008 Apr;86(14 Suppl):E75-83. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0458. Epub 2007 Aug 20.
An increasing body of literature links immune and inflammatory factors to modulation of growth and control of fat:lean body composition. Recent progress in understanding the control of body composition has been made through identification of inflammatory cytokines and other factors produced by adipose tissue that affect body composition, often by direct effects on skeletal muscle tissue. Adipose-derived factors such as leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, resistin, and adiponectin have been shown to affect muscle metabolism, protein dynamics, or both, by direct actions. This review summarizes recent results that support the existence of a reciprocal muscle-to-fat signaling pathway involving release of the cytokine IL-15 from muscle tissue. Cell culture studies, short-term in vivo studies, and human genotype association studies all support the model that muscle-derived IL-15 can decrease fat deposition and adipocyte metabolism via a muscle-to-fat endocrine pathway. Fat:lean body composition is an important factor determining the efficiency of meat production, as well as the fat content of meat products. Modulation of the IL-15 signaling axis may be a novel mechanism to affect body composition in meat animal production.
越来越多的文献将免疫和炎症因子与生长调节以及脂肪与瘦体重组成的控制联系起来。通过识别脂肪组织产生的影响身体组成的炎性细胞因子和其他因子，在理解身体组成控制方面取得了最新进展，这些因子通常通过对骨骼肌组织的直接作用来影响身体组成。已表明脂肪衍生因子如瘦素、肿瘤坏死因子-α、抵抗素和脂联素可通过直接作用影响肌肉代谢、蛋白质动态或两者。本综述总结了近期的研究结果，这些结果支持存在一条涉及肌肉组织释放细胞因子IL-15的反向肌肉-脂肪信号通路。细胞培养研究、短期体内研究和人类基因型关联研究均支持这样的模型，即肌肉衍生的IL-15可通过肌肉-脂肪内分泌途径减少脂肪沉积和脂肪细胞代谢。脂肪与瘦体重组成是决定肉类生产效率以及肉制品脂肪含量的重要因素。调节IL-15信号轴可能是影响肉用动物生产中身体组成的一种新机制。
