Carelli Regina M
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev. 2002 Dec;1(4):281-96. doi: 10.1177/1534582302238338.
The nucleus accumbens (Acb) is a crucial component of the brain reward system. This report reviews electrophysiological studies that examined Acb cell firing during goal-directed behaviors for natural reinforcers (food, water, sucrose) and drugs of abuse (cocaine, heroin, ethanol). Studies that examined the role of environmental stimuli and operant contingencies on Acb activity during behavior are also explored. Given the extensive literature that links dopamine in the Acb with drug reinforcement, experiments are considered that examined the influence of dopamine in modulating Acb cell firing during drug-seeking behaviors. Finally, because the Acb is one neural substrate of a larger brain reward circuit, the influence of afferent input (hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) on Acb cell firing during behavior is also discussed. These findings provide a unique insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying reward-related processing and goal-directed behaviors and reveal a level of functional organization in the Acb not identified by other experimental approaches.
伏隔核是大脑奖赏系统的关键组成部分。本报告回顾了电生理研究，这些研究考察了在针对天然强化物（食物、水、蔗糖）和滥用药物（可卡因、海洛因、乙醇）的目标导向行为过程中伏隔核细胞的放电情况。还探讨了研究环境刺激和操作性条件对行为过程中伏隔核活动作用的研究。鉴于有大量文献将伏隔核中的多巴胺与药物强化联系起来，本文考虑了一些实验，这些实验考察了多巴胺在调节药物寻求行为过程中伏隔核细胞放电方面的影响。最后，由于伏隔核是更大的大脑奖赏回路的一个神经基质，本文还讨论了行为过程中传入输入（海马体和前额叶皮层）对伏隔核细胞放电的影响。这些发现为奖赏相关加工和目标导向行为背后的细胞机制提供了独特的见解，并揭示了伏隔核中一种其他实验方法未发现的功能组织水平。
