Porter Kate, Russ Brendan E, Dyall-Smith Michael L
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2007 Aug;10(4):418-24. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2007.05.017. Epub 2007 Aug 21.
Natural hypersaline waters are widely distributed around the globe, as both continental surface waters and sea floor lakes, the latter being maintained by the large density difference between the hypersaline and overlying marine water. Owing to the extreme salt concentrations, close to or at saturation (approximately 35%, w/v), such waters might be expected to be devoid of life but, in fact, maintain dense populations of microbes. The majority of these microorganisms are halophilic prokaryotes belonging to the Domain Archaea, 'haloarchaea'. Viruses infecting haloarchaea are a vital part of hypersaline ecosystems, in many circumstances outnumbering cells by 10-100-fold. However, few of these 'haloviruses' have been isolated and even fewer have been characterised in molecular detail. In this review, we explore the methods used by haloviruses to replicate within their hosts and consider the implications of haloviral-haloarchaeal interactions for salt lake ecology.
天然高盐水在全球广泛分布，包括大陆地表水和海底湖泊，后者是由高盐水与上覆海水之间的巨大密度差异维持的。由于盐浓度极高，接近或达到饱和（约35%，w/v），人们可能认为这类水体没有生命，但实际上却存在大量微生物。这些微生物大多数是属于古菌域的嗜盐原核生物，即“嗜盐古菌”。感染嗜盐古菌的病毒是高盐生态系统的重要组成部分，在许多情况下，其数量比细胞多10至100倍。然而，这些“嗜盐病毒”中很少有被分离出来的，对其进行分子细节表征的更是少之又少。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了嗜盐病毒在宿主内进行复制所使用的方法，并考虑了嗜盐病毒与嗜盐古菌相互作用对盐湖生态的影响。
