[Hepatitis B virus and hepatocellular carcinoma].

Hepatocellular carcinoma in woodchuck were characterized for woodchuck hepatitis virus integration nea c-myc oncogene. In one tumor, viral integration resulted in overexpression of a c-myc viral cotranscript. In a second tumor, viral insertion, 600 bp upstream of c-myc exon 1, was associated with increased levels of normal c-myc mRNA. These results demonstrate that integration of woodchuck hepatitis virus near a proto-oncogene can contribute to the genesis of liver tumors. From a comparison of a single hepatitis B virus (HBV) integration site in a human hepatoma with the corresponding unoccupied site have shown HBV DNA insertion in a putative cellular exon. This exon presented striking similarity to the DNA-binding domain of the thyroid/steriod hormones receptors. The corresponding cDNA has been isolated (hap gene) as shown to encode the retinoic acid receptor. It is most probable that consequent to HBV insertion, hap gene became inappropriately expressed as an altered chimaeric gene retinoic acid receptor, thus contributing to the cell transformation. As for woodchuck these results strongly support the possibility that HBV, may play a direct role in liver carcinogenesis by insertional mutagenesis.