West Colin P, Shanafelt Tait D
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
BMC Med Educ. 2007 Aug 30;7:29. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-7-29.
Professionalism is a critical quality for physicians to possess. Physician professionalism has received increased attention in recent years, with many authorities suggesting that professionalism is in decline. An understanding of the factors contributing to professionalism may allow the development of more effective approaches to promoting this quality in medical education.
We propose a model of personal and environmental factors that contribute to physician professionalism. Personal factors include distress/well-being, individual characteristics, and interpersonal qualities. Environmental factors include institutional culture, formal and informal curricula, and practice characteristics. Promotion of professionalism requires efforts directed at each of these elements.
One responsibility of medical education is to foster the development of professionalism among its learners. Both personal and environmental factors play a role in physician professionalism. Accordingly, institutions should consider these factors as efforts to promote physician professionalism evolve.
专业素养是医生应具备的关键品质。近年来，医生的专业素养受到了越来越多的关注，许多权威人士认为专业素养正在下降。了解影响专业素养的因素可能有助于制定更有效的方法，在医学教育中提升这一品质。
我们提出了一个有助于医生专业素养的个人和环境因素模型。个人因素包括困扰/幸福感、个人特征和人际品质。环境因素包括机构文化、正式和非正式课程以及实践特征。提升专业素养需要针对这些要素中的每一个做出努力。
医学教育的一项责任是促进其学习者专业素养的发展。个人和环境因素都对医生的专业素养发挥作用。因此，随着促进医生专业素养的努力不断发展，机构应考虑这些因素。
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