Adler S, Fraley D S
Kidney Int. 1977 Jun;11(6):433-42. doi: 10.1038/ki.1977.61.
Recent work has clarified some of the complex interrelationships between cell pH and potassium. These studies have been limited by the techniques available for accurately measuring cell pH. At present it is obvious that intracellular pH is a major regulator of the cellular potassium concentration, but the precise relationship between these two is still uncertain. It has become increasingly clear, however, that no simple relationship exists between the intracellular to extracellular hydrogen ion and potassium ion ratios. Many experiments do demonstrate that the extracellular metabolic alkalosis of potassium depletion is accompanied by a decrease in skeletal muscle pH in rat, rabbit, and probably dog. The response of cardiac and renal tubular cell pH to potassium depletion is less clear, although most evidence indicates that there is also a reduction in the pH of these tissues. This effect on cell pH appears to be independent of chloride. By contrast, hyperkalemia seems to raise muscle cell pH at the same time it induces an extracellular metabolic acidosis. The metabolic and physiologic consequences of potassium-induced alterations in cell pH have yet to be fully elucidated.
近期的研究工作已阐明了细胞pH值与钾之间一些复杂的相互关系。这些研究受到了可用于精确测量细胞pH值的技术的限制。目前很明显，细胞内pH值是细胞钾浓度的主要调节因子，但这两者之间的确切关系仍不确定。然而，越来越清楚的是，细胞内与细胞外氢离子和钾离子比率之间不存在简单的关系。许多实验确实表明，钾缺乏引起的细胞外代谢性碱中毒伴随着大鼠、兔子以及可能还有狗的骨骼肌pH值下降。尽管大多数证据表明这些组织的pH值也会降低，但心肌和肾小管细胞pH值对钾缺乏的反应尚不清楚。这种对细胞pH值的影响似乎与氯离子无关。相比之下，高钾血症似乎在诱导细胞外代谢性酸中毒的同时会提高肌肉细胞的pH值。钾诱导的细胞pH值变化所产生的代谢和生理后果尚未完全阐明。
