Eshleman V R, Tyler G L, Wood G E, Lindal G F, Anderson J D, Levy G S, Croft T A
Science. 1979 Jun 1;204(4396):976-8. doi: 10.1126/science.204.4396.976.
A preliminarv profile of the atmosphere of Jupiter in the South Equatorial Belt shows (i) the tropopause occurring at a pressure level of 100 millibars and temperature of about 113K, (ii) a higher warm inversion layer at about the 35-millibar level, and (iii) a lower-altitude constant lapse rate matching the adiabatic value of about 2 K per kilometer, with the temperatutre reaching 150 K at the 600-millibar level. Preliminary afternoon and predawn ionospheric profiles at 12 degrees south latitude and near the equator, respectively, have topside plasma scale heights of 590 kilometers changing to 960 kilometers above an altitucde of 3500 kilometers for the dayside, and about 960 kilomneters at all measured heights above the peak for the nightside. The higher value of scale height corresponds to a plasma temperature of 1100 K under the assumption of a plasma of protons and electrons in ambipolar diffusive equilibrium. The peak electron concentration in the upper ionosphere is approximately 2 x 10(5) per cubic centimeter for the dayside and about a factor of 10 less for the nightside. These peaks occur at altitudes of 1600 and 2300 kilometers, respectively. Continuing analyses are expected to extend and refine these results, and to be used to investigate other regions and phenomena.
（i）对流层顶出现在压力为100毫巴、温度约为113K的水平；（ii）在约35毫巴水平处有一个较高的暖逆温层；（iii）较低高度的恒定递减率与约每千米2K的绝热值相符，在600毫巴水平处温度达到150K。分别在南纬12度和赤道附近的初步午后和黎明前电离层剖面显示，白天在3500千米高度以上，顶部等离子体标高从590千米变化到960千米，夜间在高于峰值的所有测量高度处约为960千米。在质子和电子等离子体处于双极扩散平衡的假设下，标高的较高值对应于1100K的等离子体温度。白天电离层上部的峰值电子浓度约为每立方厘米2×10⁵ ，夜间约低一个数量级。这些峰值分别出现在1600千米和2300千米的高度。持续的分析有望扩展和完善这些结果，并用于研究其他区域和现象。
