Science. 1984 Aug 24;225(4664):829-30. doi: 10.1126/science.225.4664.829.
Average species durations were estimated for 131 commonly occurring modern species. The duration of species occurring at depths of less than 200 meters is 16 million years, while for those at greater than 200 meters and at all depths it is 25 to 26 million years. Species (less than 200 meters) distributed from Florida to Newfoundland and from Florida to Cape Hatteras have about the same durations (18 to 20 million years). The duration for species restricted to north of Cape Hatteras is only 7 million years. The data suggest that evolutionary rates are greater in shallower than in deeper depths and greatest in the shallower northern area.
平均物种持续时间估计为 131 种常见的现代物种。在深度小于 200 米的地方出现的物种的持续时间为 1600 万年，而在深度大于 200 米和所有深度的物种的持续时间为 2500 万至 2600 万年。分布范围从佛罗里达到纽芬兰，从佛罗里达到哈特拉斯角的物种（深度小于 200 米）的持续时间大致相同（1800 万至 2000 万年）。仅限于哈特拉斯角以北的物种的持续时间仅为 700 万年。数据表明，进化速度在较浅的深度大于较深的深度，在较浅的北部地区最大。
