Solid-state photoelectron spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation.

Synchrotron radiation sources, providing intense, tunable, polarized, and stable beams of ultraviolet and x-ray photons, are having a great impact on biology, physics, chemistry, materials science, and other areas of research. Synchrotron radiation has revolutionized solid-state photoelectron spectroscopy by enhancing its capabilities for investigating the electronic behavior of solids and solid surfaces. Several fundamental photoemission techniques that rely on synchrotron radiation are discussed in this article. These techniques have an adjustable tunable surface sensitivity and provide the first direct mapping of the electronic band structure. Recent applications of photoelectron spectroscopy for studies of chemisorption geometries and surface structures are discussed.