Science. 1979 Oct 12;206(4415):173-80. doi: 10.1126/science.206.4415.173.
Nondestructive evaluation is a technique for determining the presence, type, and size of flaws in mechanical structures without destroying them. A description of various types of nondestructive evaluation methods is given in this article. Particular attention is paid to acoustic wave probing techniques. Major advances have been made in the development of the theory of acoustic wave scattering from flaws and in the development of methods for determining the nature of a flaw from the variation of the scattered acoustic wave amplitude with frequency and angle. Several new types of acoustic imaging methods have been developed; prime examples are the acoustic microscope and electronically focused and scanned acoustic wave imaging systems. New acoustic measurement techniques for determining the fields in materials and predicting their breaking stress are discussed, as is the development of new types of eddy current techniques and electromagnetic transducers.
无损评估是一种在不破坏机械结构的情况下确定其缺陷的存在、类型和大小的技术。本文介绍了各种类型的无损评估方法。特别关注声波探测技术。在声波从缺陷散射的理论发展和从散射声波幅度随频率和角度的变化来确定缺陷性质的方法的发展方面取得了重大进展。已经开发了几种新型的声学成象方法；声学显微镜和电子聚焦和扫描声波成象系统是主要的例子。讨论了用于确定材料中的场并预测其破坏应力的新的声学测量技术，以及新型的涡流技术和电磁传感器的发展。
