Schonfeld I S
Department of Social and Psychological Foundations, City College of New York, New York 10031.
Psychol Med. 1991 Nov;21(4):1051-60. doi: 10.1017/s003329170003004x.
In the summer following graduation a sample of 125 female college graduates (mean age = 28) completed Cohen & Wills' ISEL (1985) which includes scales measuring four social support functions: belonging (social companionship), appraisal (availability of confidants), tangible (instrumental), and self-esteem support. In the summer and fall subject status on two outcome scales was ascertained: the Psychophysiologic Symptom Scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Reliability of the difference scores suggested that the ISEL scales do not measure entirely different constructs and the ISEL Self-esteem Scale is operationally redundant with the Rosenberg Self-esteem scale and the CES-D. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that the ISEL scales were related to symptoms. By contrast, standard longitudinal and prospective MLR analyses indicated that only the Belonging Scale was significantly related to future symptoms. The issues of confounding support with symptoms and the dimensionality of the subscales were discussed. The study suggests that specific functions of support take on greater importance during major life transitions and that any one supportive behaviour often serves multiple functions.
毕业后的那个夏天，125名女大学毕业生（平均年龄 = 28岁）的样本完成了科恩和威尔斯（1985年）的社会支持与情感量表（ISEL），该量表包含测量四种社会支持功能的分量表：归属感（社交陪伴）、评估（知心朋友的可获得性）、实际支持（工具性支持）和自尊支持。在夏季和秋季，确定了两个结果量表上的受试者状态：心理生理症状量表和流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）。差异分数的信度表明，ISEL量表并未测量完全不同的结构，且ISEL自尊量表在操作上与罗森伯格自尊量表和CES-D冗余。横断面分析表明，ISEL量表与症状相关。相比之下，标准的纵向和前瞻性多元线性回归分析表明，只有归属感量表与未来症状显著相关。讨论了支持与症状混淆以及分量表维度的问题。该研究表明，在重大生活转变期间，支持的特定功能变得更加重要，而且任何一种支持行为通常都具有多种功能。
