Förstl H, Almeida O P, Owen A M, Burns A, Howard R
Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, London.
Psychol Med. 1991 Nov;21(4):905-10. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700029895.
Two hundred and sixty case reports of misidentification syndromes were evaluated. One hundred and seventy-four patients had a Capgras syndrome misidentifying other persons, 18 a Fregoli syndrome, 11 intermetamorphosis, 17 reduplicative paramnesia and the rest had other forms or combinations of mistaken identification. Schizophrenia (127 cases), mostly of paranoid type, affective disorder (29), and organic mental syndromes including dementia (46) were the most common diagnoses in patients who misidentified others or themselves. The patients with reduplicative paramnesia more frequently suffered from head trauma or cerebral infarction and showed more features of right hemisphere lesions on neuropsychological testing or CT scan than the patients with other misidentification syndromes. Forty-one case-reports implicated underlying medical conditions. Forty-six of the patients were reported to show violent behaviour. The misidentification of persons can be a manifestation of any organic or functional psychosis, but the misidentification of place is frequently associated with neurological diseases, predominantly of the right hemisphere. Misidentification syndromes show a great degree of overlap and do not represent distinctive syndromes nor can they be regarded as an expression of a particular disorder. These patients deserve special diagnostic and therapeutic attention because of the possible underlying disorders and their potentially dangerous behaviour.
对260例身份识别综合征的病例报告进行了评估。174例患者患有卡普格拉综合征，错认他人；18例患有弗雷戈里综合征；11例患有双重幻化症；17例患有分身症；其余患者有其他形式的错误识别或多种错误识别的组合。精神分裂症（127例），大多为偏执型，情感障碍（29例），以及包括痴呆在内的器质性精神综合征（46例）是错认他人或自身的患者中最常见的诊断。与其他身份识别综合征的患者相比，患有分身症的患者更常遭受头部外伤或脑梗死，并且在神经心理学测试或CT扫描中表现出更多右半球病变的特征。41例病例报告涉及潜在的躯体疾病。据报道，46例患者表现出暴力行为。对人的错误识别可能是任何器质性或功能性精神病的一种表现，但对地点的错误识别通常与神经系统疾病有关，主要是右半球的疾病。身份识别综合征表现出很大程度的重叠，既不代表独特的综合征，也不能被视为特定疾病的一种表现。由于可能存在的潜在疾病及其潜在的危险行为，这些患者值得特别的诊断和治疗关注。
