Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1077-8. doi: 10.1126/science.219.4588.1077.
Extreme sexual dimorphism in the Bivalvia is rare. The occurrence of dwarf males in Zachsia appears to be the first case in the Teredinidae and the first outside the Leptonacea. Female Zachsia release straight-hinge larvae that develop in the plankton and settle on living rhizomes of Phyllospadix. Larvae entering mantle pouches of females become males. Evolution of this life history pattern is tied to problems of living in a fragile, patchy habitat-that is, the rhizomes of Phyllospadix.
双壳类动物的极端性二型现象较为罕见。在 Zachsia 中出现的雄性侏儒似乎是 Teredinidae 中的首例，也是 Leptonacea 以外的首例。雌性 Zachsia 释放直铰幼虫，这些幼虫在浮游生物中发育，并在 Phyllospadix 的活根茎上定居。进入雌性外套膜袋的幼虫变成雄性。这种生活史模式的进化与在脆弱、斑块状栖息地（即 Phyllospadix 的根茎）中生存的问题有关。
