Gow A J, Ueda H T, Garfield D E
Science. 1968 Sep 6;161(3845):1011-3. doi: 10.1126/science.161.3845.1011.
The Antarctic ice sheet at Byrd Station has been core-drilled to bedrock; the vertical thickness of the ice is 2164 meters. Liquid water-indicative of pressure melting-was encountered at the bed. Heat flow through the base of the ice sheet is estimated at 1.8 microcalories per square centimeter per second. The minimum temperature was -28.8 degrees C at 800 meters; maximum ice density, 0.9206 at 1000 meters. Core studies reveal the existence of a chemically pure, structurally stratified sheet comprising bubbly ice to 900 meters that transforms to bubble-free deformed ice, with substantially vertically orientated c-axis structure, below 1200 meters. Below 1800 meters the deformed ice structure gives way to large annealed crystals. Several thin layers of dirt between 1300 and 1700 meters are tentatively identified as volcanic ash, and horizontally banded debris, including fragments of granite, is present in the basal ice.
在伯德站的南极冰盖已钻取岩芯至基岩；冰的垂直厚度为2164米。在底部遇到了液态水，这表明存在压力融化现象。通过冰盖底部的热流估计为每秒每平方厘米1.8微卡路里。在800米深处的最低温度为-28.8摄氏度；在1000米深处的最大冰密度为0.9206。岩芯研究表明，存在一个化学纯净、结构分层的冰盖，其上部900米为含气泡冰，在1200米以下转变为无气泡的变形冰，且c轴结构基本垂直。在1800米以下，变形冰结构被大的退火晶体取代。在1300米至1700米之间的几层薄土层初步鉴定为火山灰，底部冰层中存在水平带状碎屑，包括花岗岩碎片。
