Chagnon N A
Science. 1988 Feb 26;239(4843):985-92. doi: 10.1126/science.239.4843.985.
Blood revenge is one of the most commonly cited causes of violence and warfare in tribal societies, yet it is largely ignored in recent anthropological theories of primitive warfare. A theory of tribal violence is presented showing how homicide, revenge, kinship obligations, and warfare are linked and why reproductive variables must be included in explanations of tribal violence and warfare. Studies of the Yanomamö Indians of Amazonas during the past 23 years show that 44 percent of males estimated to be 25 or older have participated in the killing of someone, that approximately 30 percent of adult male dealths are due to violence, and that nearly 70 percent of all adults over an estimated 40 years of age have lost a close genetic relative due to violence. Demographic data indicate that men who have killed have more wives and offspring than men who have not killed.
血亲复仇是部落社会中最常被提及的暴力和战争起因之一，但在近期关于原始战争的人类学理论中却基本被忽视。本文提出了一种部落暴力理论，展示了杀人、复仇、亲属义务和战争是如何相互关联的，以及为什么在解释部落暴力和战争时必须纳入生殖变量。过去23年对亚马孙地区雅诺马马印第安人的研究表明，估计年龄在25岁及以上的男性中有44%参与过杀人，约30%的成年男性死亡是由暴力所致，并且在估计40岁以上的所有成年人中，近70%因暴力失去了一位近亲。人口统计数据表明，杀过人的男性比未杀过人的男性拥有更多的妻子和后代。
