Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):511-3. doi: 10.1126/science.220.4596.511.
Substrates located within the defended territories of Hawaiian damselfish for 1 year were subjected to intermediate grazing intensity and, as a result, showed greater diversity of algae than substrates either protected within fish-exclusion cages or exposed to intense fish grazing outside territories. Thus, this damselfish enhances local diversity on reefs through "intermediate-disturbance" effects, and is a keystone species that decreases rather than increases overall predation intensity relative to areas where it is absent.
在夏威夷雀鲷的防御领地内生活了 1 年的基质，其藻类的多样性大于那些处于鱼群隔离笼保护下或暴露在领地外强烈鱼群啃食下的基质，这表明它们受到了中等强度的啃食。因此，这种雀鲷通过“中度干扰”效应提高了珊瑚礁的局部多样性，是一种关键种，与它不存在的区域相比，其减少而不是增加了整体捕食强度。
