Herd D G, Youd T L, Meyer H, C J L, Person W J, Mendoza C
Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):441-5. doi: 10.1126/science.211.4481.441.
Southwestern Colombia and northern Ecuador were shaken by a shal-low-focus earthquake on 12 December 1979. The magnitude 8 shock, located near Tumaco, Colombia, was the largest in northwestern South America since 1942 and had been forecast to fill a seismic gap. Thrust faulting occurred on a 280- by 130-kilometer rectangular patch of a subduction zone that dips east beneath the Pacific coast of Colombia. A 200-kilometer stretch of the coast tectonically subsided as much as 1.6 meters; uplift occurred offshore on the continental slope. A tsunami swept inland immediately after the earthquake. Ground shaking (intensity VI to IX) caused many buildings to collapse and generated liquefaction in sand fills and in Holocene beach, lagoonal, and fluvial deposits.
1979年12月12日，哥伦比亚西南部和厄瓜多尔北部发生浅源地震。这场震级为8级的地震发生在哥伦比亚图马科附近，是自1942年以来南美洲西北部最大的地震，此前曾被预测会填补一个地震空白区。逆冲断层发生在一个俯冲带的矩形区域，该区域长280公里、宽130公里，向哥伦比亚太平洋海岸下方的东部倾斜。长达200公里的海岸发生了高达1.6米的构造下沉；大陆坡近海处出现了隆起。地震后立即引发了海啸。地面震动（强度为VI至IX度）导致许多建筑物倒塌，并在沙质填土、全新世海滩、泻湖和河流沉积物中引发了液化现象。
