Science. 1986 Aug 1;233(4763):563-6. doi: 10.1126/science.233.4763.563.
Solemya reidi, a gutless clam found in sulfide-rich habitats, contains within its gills bacterial symbionts thought to oxidize sulfur compounds and provide a reduced carbon food source to the clam. However, the initial step or steps in sulfide oxidation occur in the animal tissue, and mitochondria isolated from both gill and symbiont-free foot tissue of the clam coupled the oxidation of sulfide to oxidative phosphorylation [adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis]. The ability of Solmya reidi to exploit directly the energy in sulfide for ATP synthesis is unprecedented, and suggests that sulfide-habitat animals that lack bacterial symbionts may also use sulfide as an inorganic energy source.
红树蚬，一种在富含硫化物的栖息地中发现的无胆蛤蜊，其鳃中含有细菌共生体，这些共生体被认为可以氧化硫化合物，并为蛤蜊提供还原碳的食物来源。然而，硫化物氧化的初始步骤发生在动物组织中，并且从蛤蜊的鳃和无共生体的足部组织中分离出的线粒体将硫化物的氧化与氧化磷酸化（三磷酸腺苷 [ATP] 合成）偶联。红树蚬直接利用硫化物能量合成 ATP 的能力是前所未有的，这表明缺乏细菌共生体的硫化物栖息地动物也可能将硫化物用作无机能源。
