Honaker Julie A, Samy Ravi N
The Neuroscience Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Oct;15(5):330-4. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e3282ef7d0d.
This article reviews the literature on vestibular-evoked myogenic potential testing, a short latency electromyogram evoked by high acoustic stimuli and recorded via surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Applications and refinements of this technique are described for different pathologies and in adults and children.
Various techniques for electrode placement have been described to elicit a vestibular-evoked myogenic potential response, which has been clinically investigated in normal individuals, under pathological conditions, and in adult and pediatric patients. As vestibular-evoked myogenic potential amplitude is linearly related to the level of background activity of the sternocleidomstoid muscle, maintaining steady contraction of the muscle can be challenging in some patients.
Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential testing may provide additional information about the vestibular system and allow site of lesion testing (e.g. saccule and inferior vestibular nerve) in patients of all ages. Its role has yet to be defined in the diagnosis and treatment of common vestibular disorders, including Meniere's disease, vestibular neuronitis, labyrinthitis, and other diseases. Further research is needed to support its clinical usefulness in patients with balance disorders, to optimize patient selection, and to establish its cost effectiveness.
本文综述了关于前庭诱发肌源性电位测试的文献，这是一种由高声刺激诱发的短潜伏期肌电图，通过胸锁乳突肌表面电极记录。描述了该技术在不同病理情况以及成人和儿童中的应用与改进。
已经描述了多种电极放置技术来引出前庭诱发肌源性电位反应，该反应已在正常个体、病理状况下以及成人和儿科患者中进行了临床研究。由于前庭诱发肌源性电位幅度与胸锁乳突肌的背景活动水平呈线性相关，因此在某些患者中保持肌肉的稳定收缩可能具有挑战性。
前庭诱发肌源性电位测试可能为前庭系统提供额外信息，并允许对所有年龄段的患者进行病变部位测试（例如球囊和前庭下神经）。其在包括梅尼埃病、前庭神经炎、迷路炎和其他疾病在内的常见前庭疾病的诊断和治疗中的作用尚未明确。需要进一步研究以支持其在平衡障碍患者中的临床实用性，优化患者选择，并确定其成本效益。
