Gupta Neeru, Singh M P, Dhillon B S, Saxena N C
Division of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi.
J Indian Med Assoc. 2007 Mar;105(3):119-22, 126.
Adolescent girls are the future mothers. Height less than 145 cm and weight less than 45 kg are considered to be high obstetric risk factor for adverse maternal and perinatal outcome including low birth weight. Teenage pregnancy is another problem in our country. This study aimed to study height and weight of girls of vulnerable urban slums and rural areas. It also studied the pattern of onset of menarche and attainment of sexual maturity in relation to age. The longitudinal, multicentric, descriptive observational study was carried out by the Indian Council of Medical Research during the period of 1986 to 1991 in selected rural (Chandigarh, Hyderabad, Jabalpur, Varanasi, Vellore) and two urban slum areas (Vellore and Delhi) in different regions of India. Girls of ages 10-12 years were followed up till 16 years for their height and weight. Weight increased from 22.3 to 39.4 kg in rural and 23.4 to 41.9 kg in urban areas from 10 to 16 years. Height increased from 126.2 cm to 150.2 cm in rural and 128.2 to 153.0 cm in urban areas. Large variations from centre to centre were observed in ages for appearance of sexual characteristic and the order in which these appeared. Pubic hair was the first sexual characteristic to appear in majority of the girls in all the centres. The mean age at stages II, III and IV of breast development in girls varied between 11.3 to 12.3 years, 12.3 to 13.2 years and 13.3 to 14.1 years respectively. The percentage of girls who had attained menarche by the age of 15 years, ranged from 30 to 100 per cent between centres. Those children in whom the sexual characteristics had appeared earlier than others had higher mean body weight and height as compared to others at the same age points. The data on physical growth parameters during adolescence revealed that girls from rural areas, were shorter and weighed less compared to those from urban slums. Adolescent girls are undernourished in urban slums and rural areas.
青春期女孩是未来的母亲。身高低于145厘米且体重低于45千克被视为孕产妇和围产期不良结局（包括低出生体重）的高产科风险因素。青少年怀孕是我国的另一个问题。本研究旨在调查城市贫民窟和农村地区弱势女孩的身高和体重。研究还探讨了月经初潮开始的模式以及性成熟与年龄的关系。1986年至1991年期间，印度医学研究理事会在印度不同地区选定的农村地区（昌迪加尔、海得拉巴、贾巴尔普尔、瓦拉纳西、韦洛尔）和两个城市贫民窟地区（韦洛尔和德里）开展了这项纵向、多中心、描述性观察研究。对10至12岁的女孩进行随访，直至16岁，记录她们的身高和体重。10至16岁期间，农村地区女孩的体重从22.3千克增加到39.4千克，城市地区从23.4千克增加到41.9千克。农村地区女孩的身高从126.2厘米增加到150.2厘米，城市地区从128.2厘米增加到153.0厘米。在性特征出现的年龄以及出现的顺序方面，各中心之间存在很大差异。在所有中心，大多数女孩出现的第一个性特征是阴毛。女孩乳房发育II期、III期和IV期的平均年龄分别在11.3至12.3岁、12.3至13.2岁和13.3至14.1岁之间。各中心之间，15岁时月经初潮的女孩比例在30%至100%之间。与其他孩子相比，那些性特征出现较早的孩子在同一年龄点的平均体重和身高更高。青春期身体生长参数的数据显示，农村地区的女孩比城市贫民窟的女孩更矮、体重更轻。城市贫民窟和农村地区的青春期女孩营养不良。
