Richard M, LeBlanc A R, Pennestri M H, Montplaisir J, Carrier J, Lavigne G, Lanfranchi P A
Centre d'étude du sommeil et des rythmes biologiques, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Canada.
Sleep Med. 2007 Nov;8(7-8):760-7. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2006.12.004. Epub 2007 Sep 6.
Sleep affects the control of circulation and respiratory function. Gender and age are also known to have a profound impact on the neural control of circulation. We investigated whether gender affects sleep-related cardiovascular and respiratory responses and whether these vary according to healthy subjects being young or middle-aged.
We studied 32 subjects: 8 women and 8 men aged 20-30 years (young), and 8 women and 8 men aged 50-60 years (middle-aged). Young women were under oral contraceptive therapy and middle-aged women were postmenopausal and not receiving hormonal replacement therapy. One-night polysomnography was used to assess RR variability during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) (stage 2) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components, in normalized units (LFnu and HFnu) and LF/HF ratio were calculated on five-minute segments selected across the night and averaged for each sleep stage. The respiration frequency in NREM and REM sleep was also measured. Interaction between gender, age and sleep on autonomic and respiration variables was assessed by 2 x 2 x 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Compared to men, women had a greater NREM-to-REM increment in LFnu (gender-by-state interaction, p<0.01), a greater decrement in HFnu (interaction, p<0.01) and a greater increment in LF/HF (interaction, p<0.05). Women also showed a more pronounced increase in respiratory frequency during REM sleep compared to men in both groups of age (gender-by-state interaction, F=7.1, p<0.05). No gender-by-age-by-state interaction was observed to affect autonomic and respiration variables.
NREM-to-REM excitatory cardiac and respiratory responses are more marked among women compared to men, regardless of their hormonal status and whether they are young or middle-aged.
睡眠会影响循环和呼吸功能的控制。众所周知，性别和年龄对循环的神经控制也有深远影响。我们研究了性别是否会影响与睡眠相关的心血管和呼吸反应，以及这些反应在年轻或中年健康受试者中是否存在差异。
我们研究了32名受试者：8名年龄在20 - 30岁的女性和8名男性（年轻组），以及8名年龄在50 - 60岁的女性和8名男性（中年组）。年轻女性接受口服避孕药治疗，中年女性已绝经且未接受激素替代治疗。采用一夜的多导睡眠图来评估非快速眼动（NREM）（第2阶段）和快速眼动（REM）睡眠期间的RR变异性。计算整个夜间选定的五分钟时间段的低频（LF）和高频（HF）成分，以标准化单位（LFnu和HFnu）以及LF/HF比值，并对每个睡眠阶段求平均值。还测量了NREM和REM睡眠中的呼吸频率。通过2×2×2方差分析（ANOVA）评估性别、年龄和睡眠对自主神经和呼吸变量的交互作用。
与男性相比，女性在NREM到REM睡眠期间LFnu的增加幅度更大（性别×状态交互作用，p<0.01），HFnu的下降幅度更大（交互作用，p<0.01），LF/HF的增加幅度更大（交互作用，p<0.05）。在两个年龄组中，与男性相比，女性在REM睡眠期间的呼吸频率增加也更为明显（性别×状态交互作用，F = 7.1，p<0.05）。未观察到性别×年龄×状态的交互作用对自主神经和呼吸变量有影响。
无论激素状态如何以及是年轻还是中年，女性在NREM到REM睡眠期间的心脏和呼吸兴奋反应比男性更为明显。
