Science. 1990 Sep 7;249(4973):1154-7. doi: 10.1126/science.249.4973.1154.
The maximum depth at which large (>1000 km(3)) terrestrial mafic magma chambers can form has generally been thought to be the Moho, which occurs at a mean depth of about 35 kilometers beneath the continents and 8 kilometers beneath ocean basins. However, the presence of layers of cumulus magnesium-rich spinel and olivine and intercumulus garnet in an unusual mantle xenolith from Oahu, Hawaii, suggests that this rock is a fragment of a large magma chamber that formed at a depth of about 90 kilometers; Hawaiian shield-building magmas may pond and fractionate in such magma chambers before continuing their ascent. This depth is at or near the base of the 90-million-year-old lithosphere beneath Oahu; thus, rejuvenated stage alkalic magmas containing mantle xenoliths evidently also originate below the lithosphere.
通常认为，大型（>1000 千米(3)）陆基镁铁质岩浆房所能到达的最大深度是莫霍面，其在大陆下的平均深度约为 35 公里，在海洋盆地下的深度约为 8 公里。然而，夏威夷瓦胡岛上一块罕见的地幔捕虏体中存在堆积的富含镁的尖晶石和橄榄石以及其间的石榴石，表明该岩石是一个形成于约 90 公里深处的大型岩浆房的碎片；夏威夷盾状火山的岩浆可能在这种岩浆房中停留和分馏，然后再继续上升。这个深度在瓦胡岛下面 9000 万年的岩石圈底部或附近；因此，含有地幔捕虏体的新生碱性岩浆显然也起源于岩石圈之下。
