Zeskind P S, Goff D M, Marshall T R
Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061.
Dev Psychobiol. 1991 Sep;24(6):413-29. doi: 10.1002/dev.420240604.
The rhythmic organization underlying long-term heart rate variability was examined in 36 newborn infants. Heart rate was registered every 30 s for 2 continuous hr while infants rested in a temperature-controlled isolette. Spectrum analysis of the time-series of the 240 observations detected rhythmically organized changes in the heart rates of 33 of the 36 infants. Thirty of the 33 infants showed a basic rhythm at 1.5 +/- .5 cycles per hr (one cycle every 30 to 60 min). While 9 infants showed this single cycle in behavioral activity, 24 infants showed additional cycles at a wide range of faster frequencies. Infants with signs of atypical fetal growth less often showed evidence of these multiple cycles, had reliably fewer cycles in heart rate, and had a marginally lower power in their basic cycle than infants with typical patterns of fetal growth. Infants with multiple cycles in the power spectra, independent of fetal growth group, were more often observed in Alert and Active Alert behavioral states and less often in Active Sleep than comparison infants. Results indicate that 1) heart rates of newborn infants show evidence of the 30- to 60-min cycle characteristic of the Basic Rest-Activity Cycle found in other behaviors, and 2) the complexity of behavioral rhythms may be affected by prenatal malnutrition. Viewed within a dynamical systems approach to development, results suggest that the complexity of rhythms in behavior may reflect the complexity of behavioral organization.
对36名新生儿的长期心率变异性潜在的节律性组织进行了研究。在温度受控的保育箱中让婴儿休息时，每30秒记录一次心率，持续2小时。对240次观测的时间序列进行频谱分析，发现36名婴儿中有33名婴儿的心率存在节律性组织变化。33名婴儿中有30名婴儿的基本节律为每小时1.5±0.5个周期（每30至60分钟一个周期）。虽然9名婴儿在行为活动中表现出这种单一周期，但24名婴儿在更广泛的较快频率下还表现出其他周期。与具有典型胎儿生长模式的婴儿相比，具有非典型胎儿生长迹象的婴儿较少表现出这些多个周期的证据，心率周期可靠地较少，且其基本周期的功率略低。在功率谱中具有多个周期的婴儿，无论胎儿生长组如何，与对照婴儿相比，在警觉和主动警觉行为状态下更常被观察到，而在主动睡眠状态下则较少被观察到。结果表明：1）新生儿的心率表现出在其他行为中发现的基本休息 - 活动周期的30至60分钟周期特征；2）行为节律的复杂性可能受产前营养不良的影响。从发展的动态系统方法来看，结果表明行为节律的复杂性可能反映行为组织的复杂性。
