Science. 1979 Feb 23;203(4382):805-6. doi: 10.1126/science.203.4382.805.
To determine the wind directions and speeds on Venus, as each Pioneer probe fell to the surface we tracked its motion in three dimensions using a combination of Doppler and long-baseline radio interferometric methods. Preliminary results from this tracking, coupled with results from test observations of other spacecraft, enable us to estimate the uncertainties of our eventual determinations of the velocity vectors of the probes with respect to Venus. For altitudes below about 65 kilometers and with time-averaging over 100-second intervals, all three components of the velocity should have errors of the order of 0.3 meter per second or less.
为了确定金星上的风向和风速，当每个先驱者探测器坠落至表面时，我们使用多普勒和长基线射电干涉测量法的组合，从三维角度追踪其运动。通过对该跟踪的初步结果，以及对其他航天器测试观测结果的综合分析，我们能够估算出最终确定探测器相对于金星的速度矢量的不确定性。对于低于约 65 公里的高度，并在 100 秒的时间间隔上进行平均，速度的所有三个分量的误差都应在 0.3 米/秒或以下。
