Benson R H, Chapman R E, Deck L T
Science. 1984 Jun 22;224(4655):1334-6. doi: 10.1126/science.224.4655.1334.
Eight recognized or theorized paleoceanographic events during the past 70 million years were tested against changes in the global deep-sea benthic ostracode fauna. Two events, the sudden Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event at 66 million years ago and the more gradual 40-million-year event (formation of the psychrosphere), show up most dramatically. Before the 40-million-year event, ostracodes freely radiated into the deeper water regions but were provincial. The development of thermal stratification isolated these deep-water taxa, mostly the survivors of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event, which adapted to a new, free-flowing but more frigid ecosystem and spread rapidly throughout the world.
在过去7000万年中确认或推测的8次古海洋学事件，与全球深海底栖介形虫动物群的变化进行了对照检验。其中两次事件，即660.66亿年前白垩纪-古近纪边界的突然事件和更为渐进的4000万年事件（冷圈的形成），最为显著。在4000万年事件之前，介形虫自由扩散到更深的水域，但分布具有区域性。热分层的发展隔离了这些深水分类群，它们大多是白垩纪-古近纪边界事件的幸存者，适应了新的、自由流动但更寒冷的生态系统，并迅速在全球传播。
