Bonini M, Lapucci G, Petrelli G, Todaro A, Pamich T, Rasi G, Bonini S
Research Center of Sport Medicine, UCSC, Italy.
Allergy. 2007 Oct;62(10):1166-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01503.x.
Asthma is frequently found in athletes, often associated with rhinitis and allergy.
To study the predictive value of allergy and pulmonary function tests for the diagnosis of asthma in athletes.
Ninety-eight national preOlympic athletes underwent an accurate medical examination including a validated questionnaire for asthma and rhinitis, spirometric recordings and skin prick testing with a panel of the most frequent inhalant allergens. Bronchodilator and/or exercise challenge were also performed in asthmatic subjects.
Clinical asthma was present in 20.4% of athletes, rhinitis in 35.3% (in 21.4% of cases alone and in 13.9% associated with asthma). Positive prick tests were recorded in 44.4% of athletes (in 60.5% of asthmatics, in 95.2% of rhinitics and in 21.0% of nonasthmatic - nonrhinitic subjects). Mean spirometric values and distribution of abnormal values were not different among asthmatics, rhinitics and nonasthmatics - nonrhinitic patients. Skin-tests positivity was not related to the abnormal spirometric data found in individual cases. Provocation tests with bronchodilators or exercise did not appear sensitive enough to diagnose mild forms of asthma in subjects with normal basal spirometric values.
Allergy testing and spirometry should be performed routinely in athletes because of the high prevalence of allergy, rhinitis and asthma in this population. However, the predictive value of these tests and of the bronchial provocation tests performed in this study seems too low to document mild or subclinical asthma in athletes.
哮喘在运动员中很常见，常与鼻炎和过敏相关。
研究过敏和肺功能测试对运动员哮喘诊断的预测价值。
98名国家奥运预选赛运动员接受了精确的医学检查，包括一份经过验证的哮喘和鼻炎问卷、肺功能测定记录以及针对一组最常见吸入性过敏原的皮肤点刺试验。哮喘患者还进行了支气管扩张剂和/或运动激发试验。
20.4%的运动员存在临床哮喘，35.3%的运动员有鼻炎（单独患鼻炎的占21.4%，与哮喘相关的占13.9%）。44.4%的运动员皮肤点刺试验呈阳性（哮喘患者中为60.5%，鼻炎患者中为95.2%，非哮喘非鼻炎患者中为21.0%）。哮喘患者、鼻炎患者以及非哮喘非鼻炎患者的平均肺功能测定值和异常值分布无差异。皮肤试验阳性与个别病例中发现的异常肺功能数据无关。对于基础肺功能值正常的受试者，支气管扩张剂或运动激发试验似乎不够敏感，无法诊断轻度哮喘。
由于运动员群体中过敏、鼻炎和哮喘的高患病率，应常规对运动员进行过敏测试和肺功能测定。然而，本研究中这些测试以及支气管激发试验的预测价值似乎过低，无法确诊运动员的轻度或亚临床哮喘。
