Avallone G, Helmbold P, Caniatti M, Stefanello D, Nayak R C, Roccabianca P
DiPAV--Sezione Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria e Patologia Aviare, Facolta' di Medicina Veterinaria, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Vet Pathol. 2007 Sep;44(5):607-20. doi: 10.1354/vp.44-5-607.
Perivascular wall tumors (PWTs) are defined as neoplasms deriving from mural cells of blood vessels, excluding the endothelial lining. The spectrum of human cutaneous PWT includes glomus tumor, hemangiopericytoma (HEP), myopericytoma, angioleiomyoma/sarcoma, angiomyofibroblastoma, and angiofibroma. The purpose of this study was to revise clinical presentation, cytology, histopathology, and immunohistology of canine cutaneous PWT with cytology typical of canine HEP. Diagnosis was established on the basis of vascular growth patterns (staghorn, placentoid, perivascular whorling, bundles from media) and immunohistology, including 7 smooth muscle markers and the cell membrane ganglioside of unknown origin recognized by the antibody 3G5 (CMG-3G5). Twenty cases were included. Ages ranged from 6 to 13 years; 12 dogs were males and 8 were females, and there was a prevalence of crossbreeds. Tumors arose from a single site with preferential acral location (10/20). Cytology revealed moderate to high cellularity in all cases, cohesive groups of cells (19/20), capillaries (18/20), and bi- to multinucleated cells (18/20). Six myopericytomas, 5 angioleiomyomas, 2 angioleiomyosarcomas, 2 HEP, 1 angiofibroma, and 1 adventitial tumor were identified. A definitive diagnosis was not possible in 3 cases. Smoothelin, heavy caldesmon, desmin, myosin, calponin, and CMG-3G5 were the most valuable markers to differentially diagnose canine PWT. Similar to reports in humans, canine HEP embodied a spectrum of neoplastic entities arising from different vascular mural cells. Before canine PWTs are assimilated into one prognostic category, a consistent classification and characterization of their biology is necessary. As proposed in humans, HEP should also be considered a diagnosis of exclusion in dogs.
血管周壁肿瘤（PWTs）被定义为起源于血管壁细胞（不包括内皮衬里）的肿瘤。人类皮肤PWT的范围包括血管球瘤、血管外皮细胞瘤（HEP）、肌周细胞瘤、血管平滑肌瘤/肉瘤、血管肌成纤维细胞瘤和血管纤维瘤。本研究的目的是对具有犬HEP典型细胞学特征的犬皮肤PWT的临床表现、细胞学、组织病理学和免疫组织学进行修订。诊断基于血管生长模式（鹿角状、胎盘状、血管周围漩涡状、来自中膜的束状）和免疫组织学，包括7种平滑肌标志物和由抗体3G5识别的未知来源的细胞膜神经节苷脂（CMG - 3G5）。纳入20例病例。年龄范围为6至13岁；12只为雄性犬，8只为雌性犬，杂种犬居多。肿瘤起源于单个部位，以肢端部位为主（10/20）。细胞学检查显示所有病例细胞密度为中度至高，细胞呈聚集性团块（19/20）、有毛细血管（18/20）以及双核至多核细胞（18/20）。鉴定出6例肌周细胞瘤、5例血管平滑肌瘤、2例血管平滑肌肉瘤、2例HEP、1例血管纤维瘤和1例外膜肿瘤。3例病例无法做出明确诊断。平滑肌肌动蛋白、重钙调蛋白、结蛋白、肌球蛋白、钙调素和CMG - 3G5是鉴别诊断犬PWT最有价值的标志物。与人类报告相似，犬HEP体现了一系列起源于不同血管壁细胞的肿瘤实体。在将犬PWT归为一个预后类别之前，有必要对其生物学特性进行一致的分类和表征。正如在人类中所提议的，HEP在犬类中也应被视为一种排除性诊断。
