Han Chang Hee, Kim Soo Hwan, Kang Sung Hak, Shin Ok Ran, Lee Hae Kyung, Kim Hee Jeong, Cho Yong-Hyun
Department of Urology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
BJU Int. 2007 Nov;100(5):1172-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.07088.x. Epub 2007 Sep 11.
To evaluate the protective effects of cranberry fruit, which have known antioxidant effects, on infection-induced oxidative renal damage in a rabbit model of vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR).
In all, 36 New Zealand male rabbits were divided into five groups, with a sham operation in four rabbits serving as the control (group 1). To create unilateral VUR the roof of the left intravesical ureter was incised, and VUR confirmed 2 weeks after surgery. In all, 32 rabbits with VUR were divided into four groups; 2, VUR alone (with sterile urine); 3, a group infected with Escherichia coli; 4, with intravesical E. coli instillation but fed cranberries; and 5, intravesical E. coli instillation plus an intraperitoneal injection with melatonin group. At 3 weeks after surgery the rabbits were killed, the kidneys obtained and examined histopathologically to evaluate inflammation, fibrosis and tubular changes. Oxidative renal damage was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde in the renal tissue.
Grossly, the refluxing kidney was larger than the contralateral normal kidney, and the refluxing ureter was dilated and tortuous. Microscopy of tissues from the kidneys in group 3 showed apparent periglomerular mononuclear cell infiltration, tubular dilatation and atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. The kidneys from groups 2, 4 and 5 showed mild mononuclear cell infiltration with no interstitial fibrosis. The level of malondialdehyde in the kidneys of group 3 was significantly higher than that in group 2, 4 and 5 (P < 0.05); the level in groups 4 and 5 did not differ significantly from that in group 2.
This study shows that cranberries have an anti-inflammatory effect through their antioxidant function and might prevent infection-induced oxidative renal damage. Thus, clinically cranberries might be used as a beneficial adjuvant treatment to prevent damage due to pyelonephritis in children with VUR.
评估已知具有抗氧化作用的蔓越莓果实对膀胱输尿管反流（VUR）兔模型中感染诱导的氧化性肾损伤的保护作用。
总共36只新西兰雄性兔子被分为五组，4只兔子接受假手术作为对照组（第1组）。为制造单侧VUR，切开左侧膀胱内输尿管顶部，并在术后2周确认VUR。总共32只患有VUR的兔子被分为四组；第2组，单纯VUR（无菌尿液）；第3组，感染大肠杆菌的组；第4组，膀胱内滴注大肠杆菌但喂食蔓越莓；第5组，膀胱内滴注大肠杆菌加腹腔注射褪黑素组。术后3周处死兔子，获取肾脏并进行组织病理学检查以评估炎症、纤维化和肾小管变化。通过测量肾组织中的丙二醛评估氧化性肾损伤。
大体上，反流侧肾脏大于对侧正常肾脏，反流输尿管扩张且迂曲。第3组肾脏组织显微镜检查显示明显的肾小球周围单核细胞浸润、肾小管扩张和萎缩以及间质纤维化。第2、4和5组肾脏显示轻度单核细胞浸润，无间质纤维化。第3组肾脏中丙二醛水平显著高于第2、4和5组（P<0.05）；第4和5组水平与第2组无显著差异。
本研究表明蔓越莓通过其抗氧化功能具有抗炎作用，可能预防感染诱导的氧化性肾损伤。因此，临床上蔓越莓可能用作有益的辅助治疗，以预防VUR儿童肾盂肾炎所致损伤。
