Ice chromatography modification of solute retention on water-ice stationary phase.

Ice chromatography, in which water-ice particles are used as the stationary phase, has high potential as a separation tool, and is an efficient approach to probe the molecular interaction occurring on the water-ice surface. In the present paper, to modify solute retention, several methods are proposed, that is, changing the mobile phase composition, the surface modification of water-ice, and the implantation of functional molecules into water-ice. The retention mechanism of ice chromatography is discussed through these retention modifications.