Chambers Lucy, Mobini Sirous, Yeomans Martin R
University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2007 Oct;60(10):1356-66. doi: 10.1080/17470210601154545.
Previous studies found that caffeine consumers acquired a liking for the flavour of novel caffeinated drinks when these drinks were consumed repeatedly in a caffeine-deprived, but not nondeprived, state. Expression of this acquired liking appeared acutely sensitive to current caffeine deprivation state, but the use of between-subjects designs confounded interpretation of those studies. The present study evaluated these findings further using a within-subject design, with one flavour paired with caffeine (CS + ) and the second with the absence of caffeine (CS-). During four CS + and four CS- training days, 32 moderate caffeine consumers alternatively consumed a novel flavoured drink a CS + paired with caffeine and a CS- flavour paired with placebo. Participants evaluated both drinks before and after training in two motivational states: caffeine deprived and nondeprived. As predicted, pleasantness ratings for the caffeine-paired flavour increased overall. However, this acquired liking was only significant when tested in a caffeine-deprived state. These data are consistent with a conditioned-flavour preference model and imply that expression of acquired liking for a novel caffeinated flavour depends on the need for the effects of caffeine at the time when the drink is evaluated.
先前的研究发现，咖啡因消费者在咖啡因缺乏而非未缺乏的状态下反复饮用新型含咖啡因饮料时，会对其味道产生喜好。这种后天形成的喜好表现对当前的咖啡因缺乏状态极为敏感，但采用被试间设计混淆了这些研究的解释。本研究采用被试内设计进一步评估了这些发现，一种口味与咖啡因配对（条件刺激+），另一种与无咖啡因配对（条件刺激-）。在四个条件刺激+和四个条件刺激-训练日期间，32名中度咖啡因消费者交替饮用一种新型口味饮料——一种与咖啡因配对的条件刺激+和一种与安慰剂配对的条件刺激-口味。参与者在咖啡因缺乏和未缺乏这两种动机状态下训练前后对两种饮料进行了评估。正如预期的那样，与咖啡因配对的口味的愉悦度评分总体上有所提高。然而，这种后天形成的喜好仅在咖啡因缺乏状态下进行测试时才显著。这些数据与条件性口味偏好模型一致，表明对新型含咖啡因口味的后天喜好的表现取决于在评估饮料时对咖啡因效果的需求。
