Nakagawa Naofumi
Laboratory of Human Evolution Studies, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Am J Primatol. 2008 Mar;70(3):238-46. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20481.
The socio-ecological model predicts that the quality, distribution, and patch size of food resources determines the dominance hierarchy of female monkeys based on the type of food competition they experience. Comparative studies of closely related species have evaluated the socio-ecological model and confirmed its validity. For example, female patas monkeys in Laikipia, Kenya, form a nonlinear and unstable dominance hierarchy (i.e., egalitarian), whereas females of sympatric, closely related savannah monkeys form a linear and stable dominance hierarchy (i.e., despotic), in accordance with the model's predictions of the characteristics of food resources. I compared agonistic interactions involving food between patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) and sympatric savannah monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) in Kala Maloue, Cameroon. I found linear dominance hierarchies not only in savannah monkeys, but also in patas monkeys in Kala Maloue. The rates of agonistic interactions during feeding between patas monkeys were equivalent to those between savannah monkeys in Kala Maloue; further, these rates were significantly higher than those of both Laikipia patas and savannah monkeys. The results imply that patas monkeys in Kala Maloue are not egalitarian, but are despotic, similar to savannah monkeys. Disparity in the dominance hierarchies of patas monkeys between Kala Maloue and Laikipia were attributable to the differences in the characteristics of food resources. Although patas monkeys in Laikipia subsist on small and dispersed food resources within a high-density area, those in Kala Maloue subsisted on food resources that were clumped in intermediate-sized patches within a low-density area. This study shows that the socio-ecological model is applicable not only for interspecific comparisons but also for intraspecific comparisons.
社会生态模型预测，食物资源的质量、分布和斑块大小决定了雌性猴子基于它们所经历的食物竞争类型的优势等级制度。对近缘物种的比较研究评估了社会生态模型并证实了其有效性。例如，肯尼亚莱基皮亚的雌性赤猴形成了非线性且不稳定的优势等级制度（即平等主义的），而同域分布的近缘草原猴的雌性则形成了线性且稳定的优势等级制度（即专制的），这与该模型对食物资源特征的预测一致。我比较了喀麦隆卡拉马洛埃的赤猴（赤猴属赤猴）和同域分布的草原猴（猕猴属埃塞俄比亚猕猴）之间涉及食物的争斗互动。我发现不仅草原猴，卡拉马洛埃的赤猴也存在线性优势等级制度。卡拉马洛埃的赤猴在进食期间的争斗互动率与草原猴相当；此外，这些比率显著高于莱基皮亚的赤猴和草原猴。结果表明，卡拉马洛埃的赤猴不是平等主义的，而是专制的，与草原猴相似。卡拉马洛埃和莱基皮亚的赤猴在优势等级制度上的差异可归因于食物资源特征的不同。虽然莱基皮亚的赤猴依靠高密度区域内小而分散的食物资源生存，但卡拉马洛埃的赤猴依靠低密度区域内中等大小斑块中聚集的食物资源生存。这项研究表明，社会生态模型不仅适用于种间比较，也适用于种内比较。
