Child Only Kinship Care Cases:The Unintended Consequences of TANF Policies for Families Who Have Health Problems and Disabilities.

The passage of the Personal Responsibility Work Opportunities Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in 1996 changed the way America sought to help its most vulnerable citizens. The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) legislation required families to work first. Many families with young children found the stringent requirements of TANF too restrictive for their needs. In this study a number of TANF customers were either physically ill or suffered mental health problems thus preventing them from finding suitable employment. Additionally they may have children who have health problems, which preclude the parent from work activity. Faced with time limits these families may rely on relatives or fictive kin to assume the responsibility of receiving TANF grants for the children so that they may avoid sanctions and possible loss of support for their children. These arrangements are called child-only cases. Given that poverty is related to neglect and neglect may result in out of home placement, these children are at risk for child welfare intervention. Child welfare systems look to kin to assume the responsibility of child rearing to reduce the number of children especially African American children who enter care. However, TANF and informal arrangements for kin to take care of children result in substantially less money for families. An evaluation of TANF is needed to determine if this legislation provides an adequate system for caring for needy families and children. doi:10.1300/J045v22n03_04.