Miklyaeva E I, Ioffe M E, Kulikov M A
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
Behav Brain Res. 1991 Dec 20;46(2):103-15. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(05)80103-2.
The basic factors determining forelimb preference in the performance of different skilled movements were studied in white rats. To analyse whether limb preference actually reflects an initial individual motor asymmetry or is a result of instrumental learning (the first successful movement becoming fixed), the method of retrograde amnesia from electroconvulsive shock was used. It was shown that limb preference is initial and not a results of learning and, evidently, is due to intrinsic factors. The preferred limb can be identified in as few as 3 successful movements. There is a gradation among animals according to the degree of initial limb preference and its resistance to rearrangement of the motor task. The differences of limb preference in different movements were also analysed. Dependence of the preference on the character of the required movement was shown. Four basic types of movement were revealed by factor analysis. As different muscular groups (distal and proximal), controlled by different descending motor systems can be involved in the performance of different movements, it is assumed that the initial motor asymmetry in each movement is a result of asymmetry of central motor structures involved in the realization of the movement. In the same animal asymmetry of different motor structures might be different. This could explain different limb preference in different movements.
在白鼠身上研究了决定不同熟练运动中前肢偏好的基本因素。为了分析肢体偏好是否实际上反映了最初的个体运动不对称性，或者是工具性学习的结果（第一次成功的运动被固定下来），采用了电惊厥休克逆行性遗忘的方法。结果表明，肢体偏好是初始的，不是学习的结果，显然是由内在因素导致的。在仅3次成功的运动中就能确定偏好的肢体。根据初始肢体偏好的程度及其对运动任务重新安排的抵抗力，动物之间存在等级差异。还分析了不同运动中肢体偏好的差异。显示了偏好对所需运动特征的依赖性。通过因素分析揭示了四种基本运动类型。由于由不同下行运动系统控制的不同肌肉群（远端和近端）可参与不同运动的执行，因此假定每个运动中的初始运动不对称是参与运动实现的中枢运动结构不对称的结果。在同一动物中，不同运动结构的不对称可能不同。这可以解释不同运动中不同的肢体偏好。
