Dunham P, Dunham F, Tran S, Akhtar N
Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Child Dev. 1991 Dec;62(6):1489-502.
2-year-old children interacted with a robot in a large playroom while their mother sat quietly in the corner. Identical vocalizations from the robot had very different effects on 3 dimensions of the children's behavior when the vocalizations were embedded in reciprocating and nonreciprocating social structures. The reciprocating robot produced (1) more topic-maintaining verbal dialogue, (2) less physical and more linguistically mediated social play, and (3) gender-specific effects on the children's tendency to visually reference their mother during the play session. The data are discussed with reference to the frequently encountered assumption that reciprocal social structures have an impact on children's behavior when the quantity and other qualitative dimensions of social stimulation are held constant, and with reference to the children's attributions about the robot as a social partner.
两岁的孩子在一个大游戏室里与一个机器人互动，而他们的母亲则静静地坐在角落里。当机器人发出的相同声音被嵌入到往复式和非往复式社会结构中时，这些声音对孩子行为的三个维度产生了非常不同的影响。往复式机器人产生了：（1）更多维持话题的言语对话；（2）更少的身体接触和更多语言介导的社交游戏；（3）在游戏过程中对孩子视觉参考母亲的倾向产生特定性别的影响。我们参照了一个经常遇到的假设来讨论这些数据，即当社会刺激的数量和其他质量维度保持不变时，往复式社会结构会对孩子的行为产生影响，同时也参照了孩子对作为社会伙伴的机器人的归因。
