Fenberg Phillip B, Roy Kaustuv
Section of Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA.
Mol Ecol. 2008 Jan;17(1):209-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03522.x. Epub 2007 Sep 12.
Size-selective harvesting, where the large individuals of a particular species are preferentially taken, is common in both marine and terrestrial habitats. Preferential removal of larger individuals of a species has been shown to have a negative effect on its demography, life history and ecology, and empirical studies are increasingly documenting such impacts. But determining whether the observed changes represent evolutionary response or phenotypic plasticity remains a challenge. In addition, the problem is not recognized in most management plans for fish and marine invertebrates that still mandate a minimum size restriction. We use examples from both aquatic and terrestrial habitats to illustrate some of the biological consequences of size-selective harvesting and discuss possible future directions of research as well as changes in management policy needed to mitigate its negative biological impacts.
大小选择性捕捞，即优先捕捞特定物种中的大型个体，在海洋和陆地栖息地都很常见。对一个物种的大型个体进行优先捕捞已被证明会对其种群统计学、生活史和生态产生负面影响，并且实证研究越来越多地记录了此类影响。但是，确定观察到的变化是代表进化反应还是表型可塑性仍然是一个挑战。此外，在大多数鱼类和海洋无脊椎动物的管理计划中，这个问题并未得到认识，这些计划仍然规定了最小尺寸限制。我们用水生和陆地栖息地的例子来说明大小选择性捕捞的一些生物学后果，并讨论可能的未来研究方向以及减轻其负面生物学影响所需的管理政策变化。
