Bauer P, Körpert K, Neuberger M, Raber A, Schwetz F
Institute of Medical Statistics and Documentation, University Cologne, Germany.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1991 Dec;90(6):3086-98. doi: 10.1121/1.401418.
Weighted regression analysis was applied to determine the dependence of the hearing thresholds of 47,388 noise-exposed workers on age, sex, noise immission level, ear disease, head injury, tinnitus, hearing protector usage, and audiometric frequency in the range from 0.5 to 6 kHz. It could be shown that the hearing thresholds at any frequency are dominated by the age of the worker and that women, after equivalent exposure conditions, hear better than men. The relative effects of sex, noise immission level, ear diseases, tinnitus, and hearing protector usage are related to the audiometric frequency. Users of hearing protectors at the last audiometric investigation hear worse than nonusers. Hearing protector usage is strongly related with the hearing threshold in the low-frequency range. The noise immission level does not noticeably affect the hearing threshold below 3 kHz. The most important frequency of the noise immission level is as expected 4 kHz. For 4 kHz, it was shown that the variables age, noise immission level, tinnitus, head injuries, and ear diseases act in a good approximation additively on the pure-tone hearing threshold.
采用加权回归分析来确定47388名噪声暴露工人的听力阈值与年龄、性别、噪声暴露水平、耳部疾病、头部损伤、耳鸣、听力保护器使用情况以及0.5至6千赫范围内的听力测试频率之间的相关性。结果表明，任何频率下的听力阈值都主要取决于工人的年龄，并且在同等暴露条件下，女性的听力比男性更好。性别、噪声暴露水平、耳部疾病、耳鸣以及听力保护器使用情况的相对影响与听力测试频率有关。在最后一次听力测试调查中，使用听力保护器的人的听力比未使用者更差。听力保护器的使用与低频范围内的听力阈值密切相关。噪声暴露水平在3千赫以下对听力阈值没有明显影响。正如预期的那样，噪声暴露水平最重要的频率是4千赫。对于4千赫，研究表明年龄、噪声暴露水平、耳鸣、头部损伤和耳部疾病等变量对纯音听力阈值的影响大致呈相加关系。
