Kumar Adesh, Gaind Sunita, Nain Lata
Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
Biodegradation. 2008 Jun;19(3):395-402. doi: 10.1007/s10532-007-9145-3. Epub 2007 Sep 12.
Out of 10 thermophilic fungi isolated from wheat straw, farm yard manure, and soil, only three showed highest cellobiase, carboxymethyl cellulase, xylanase, and FPase activities. They were identified as Aspergillus nidulans (Th(4)), Scytalidium thermophilum (Th(5)), and Humicola sp. (Th(10)). A fungal consortium of these three fungi was used to compost a mixture (1:1) of silica rich paddy straw and lignin rich soybean trash. The composting of paddy straw for 3 months, during summer period in North India, resulted in a product with C:N ratio 9.5:1, available phosphorus 0.042% and fungal biomass 6.512 mg of N-acetyl glucosamine/100 mg of compost. However, a C:N ratio of 10.2:1 and highest humus content of 3.3% was achieved with 1:1 mixture of paddy straw and soybean trash. The fungal consortium was effective in converting high silica paddy straw into nutritionally rich compost thereby leading to economical and environment friendly disposal of this crop residue.
从麦秸、农家肥和土壤中分离出的10株嗜热真菌中，只有3株表现出最高的纤维二糖酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和滤纸酶活性。它们被鉴定为构巢曲霉（Th(4)）、嗜热帚霉（Th(5)）和腐质霉属（Th(10)）。这三种真菌组成的真菌联合体被用于对富含二氧化硅的稻草和富含木质素的大豆秸秆按1:1比例混合的物料进行堆肥处理。在印度北部夏季，对稻草进行3个月的堆肥处理后，得到的产物碳氮比为9.5:1，有效磷含量为0.042%，真菌生物量为6.512毫克N-乙酰葡糖胺/100毫克堆肥。然而，稻草和大豆秸秆按1:1比例混合时，碳氮比达到10.2:1，腐殖质含量最高可达3.3%。该真菌联合体能够有效地将高硅含量的稻草转化为营养丰富的堆肥，从而实现对这种作物残渣的经济且环保的处置。
