Söder Olle
Department of Woman and Child Health, Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska Institutet & University Hospital, SE-11130 Stockholm, Sweden.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Sep;21(3):381-91. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2007.05.002.
Sexual dimorphism is a term describing morphological differences between the sexes, but is often extended to include all differences observed between females and males. Sex differentiation in vertebrates is by definition sexually dimorphic and starts at the level of the sex chromosomes. In this review the sexual dimorphism of gonadal differentiation is discussed, with a focus on human development. In the embryo, the indifferent gonadal anlagen harbours four different cell lineages with bipotential fates dependent on the sex of the individual. The different paths taken by these cell lineages in male and female development are reviewed, along with other sexually dimorphic features of gonadal development. These include sex-determining genes, timing of events, dependence on germ cells, spatial organization of stromal cells, steroidogenic cells types, and other aspects.
性二态性是一个描述两性形态差异的术语，但通常也扩展到包括观察到的雌性和雄性之间的所有差异。根据定义，脊椎动物的性别分化具有性二态性，并且始于性染色体水平。在本综述中，将讨论性腺分化的性二态性，重点是人类发育。在胚胎中，未分化的性腺原基包含四种不同的细胞谱系，其双潜能命运取决于个体的性别。本文综述了这些细胞谱系在雄性和雌性发育中所采取的不同路径，以及性腺发育的其他性二态特征。这些特征包括性别决定基因、事件发生时间、对生殖细胞的依赖性、基质细胞的空间组织、类固醇生成细胞类型以及其他方面。
