Sajwan Kenneth S, Kumar Kurunthachalam Senthil, Paramasivam Sivapatham, Compton Sanya S, Richardson Joseph P
Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2008 Feb;54(2):245-58. doi: 10.1007/s00244-007-9033-1.
Sediment and American oyster (Crassostrea virginica) collected from nine selected marsh/estuarine ecosystems in Savannah, Georgia were analyzed for elements such as Al, As, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, and Zn. Sediments were extracted by ammonium acetate (NH(4)OAc), Mehlich-3 (M-3), and water procedures, whereas an acid digestion procedure was adopted for oyster tissue. Concentrations of elements were higher in M-3 extractions followed by NH(4)OAc and water extraction procedures. Calcium and Mg was greater in sediments by any of the extractions, whereas other elements differed depending upon the extraction procedures. There were no significant spatial variations (p < 0.05) of any of elements analyzed except Mn, in NH(4)OAc/water extraction procedure and Fe and Al by water extraction procedure. Contamination of Al, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, and Zn in oyster tissue ranged from 399 to 1460, 231 to 254, <1.5 to 2.9, <1.5 to 8.0, 67 to 121, 232 to 1357, 17 to 54, <0.5 to 0.64, <1.5 to 2.5, <1.5 to 4.0, 241 to 381, and 978 to 2428 microg/g dry weight (dw), respectively. Greatly elevated concentrations of elements such as P, Ca, Mg, K, and S were noticed in oyster tissue. The concentration range of Hg and As in sediment was 1.2-1.9 and 11-55 microg/g dw, respectively. The concentration range of Hg and As in oyster tissue was 130-908 and 200-912 ng/g dw, respectively. With the exception of As and Hg, other elements are several orders of magnitude greater in oyster tissue. There is no significant (p < 0.05) contamination variation in target analyses between the nine selected sites. Concentrations of heavy metals in sediment and oyster were either comparable or lower than those of other countries. Greater biota-sediment accumulation factor was noticed for P and Zn. Concentrations of Hg and P in oyster tissue were higher than the threshold limit for human consumption. Overall, the baseline data can be used for regular ecological monitoring, considering the domestic and industrial growth around this important marsh/estuarine ecosystem.
对从佐治亚州萨凡纳九个选定的沼泽/河口生态系统采集的沉积物和美洲牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica）进行了分析，检测其中铝、砷、硼、镉、铬、铜、铁、汞、锰、钼、镍、铅、硅和锌等元素。沉积物采用醋酸铵（NH(4)OAc）、Mehlich-3（M-3）和水提取法进行提取，而牡蛎组织则采用酸消解程序。元素浓度在M-3提取法中最高，其次是NH(4)OAc和水提取法。通过任何一种提取法，沉积物中的钙和镁含量都较高，而其他元素则因提取程序而异。在NH(4)OAc/水提取法中，除锰外，以及在水提取法中除铁和铝外，所分析的任何元素均无显著空间差异（p < 0.05）。牡蛎组织中铝、硼、镉、铬、铜、铁、锰、钼、镍、铅、硅和锌的污染范围分别为399至1460、231至254、<1.5至2.9、<1.5至8.0、67至121、232至1357、17至54、<0.5至0.64、<1.5至2.5、<1.5至4.0、241至381和978至2428微克/克干重（dw）。在牡蛎组织中发现磷、钙、镁、钾和硫等元素的浓度大幅升高。沉积物中汞和砷的浓度范围分别为1.2 - 1.9和11 - 55微克/克dw。牡蛎组织中汞和砷的浓度范围分别为130 - 908和200 - 912纳克/克dw。除砷和汞外，其他元素在牡蛎组织中的含量高出几个数量级。在九个选定地点之间的目标分析中，污染没有显著（p < 0.05）差异。沉积物和牡蛎中重金属的浓度与其他国家相当或更低。磷和锌的生物群 - 沉积物积累因子更高。牡蛎组织中汞和磷的浓度高于人类消费的阈值限制。总体而言，考虑到这个重要的沼泽/河口生态系统周边的国内和工业发展，这些基线数据可用于定期生态监测。
